An allergy happens when the immune system overreacts to something that is normally harmless such as pollen, dust, or animal hair.
Allergens are substances that can cause an allergic reaction in some people. Common allergens are:
Tree and grass pollen
House dust mites
Foods, such as peanuts and eggs
Insect stings
Cat and dog fur
Certain medicines
When the allergen enters the body, it triggers an immune response that can cause:
Runny and stuffy nose
Sneezing
Coughing, wheezing or breathlessness
Itchy skin or rashes
Swollen eyes (conjunctivitis), lips, mouth or throat
Avoiding allergens is a crucial part of the treatment. There are a several drugs available to treat allergies. For mild allergic reactions, antihistamines can be used. Asthma medications like inhaled steroids and oral antileukotrienes are also effective.
For severe allergic reactions, desensitization can be performed. This is a process helps your body get used to the allergens, reducing symptoms over time.